The sole
purpose of language is to help people communicate. So how does a computer
machine communicate with its web browser and applications? Do they have just
one language or many languages to facilitate their functioning?
Programming
languages
Programming is
the most important aspect of computer languages & helps in defining them.
There are two types of programming languages:
I)
Procedure-oriented programming: Here a problem is broken into parts and
sub-parts. These parts and sub-parts are called procedures. Procedures are
controlled by one main program that works to ensure that each procedure carries
out its functions properly. Languages that work in this type of programming
include COBOL, FORTRAN, C etc.
ii)
Object-oriented programming: In this type, a programmer defines the task that
can be undertaken. As the name suggest, it is aimed at achieving a particular
objective. Languages that work on this type of programming are C++, Java, PHP
etcTo be an efficient programmer, one has to choose the right institute, which
imparts training in the specified area. They can choose to be a specialist
rather than trying to grasp education for every field. Various IT institutes
and schools offer specialised courses related to computer programming &
languages, keeping in mind the industry requirements. Computer programming
languages like Java, JavaScript, SQL, ColdFusion, HTML etc are some of the most
common courses available for beginners. However, since these are technical
subjects and require special training, learning from a professional &
reputed institute is recommended.
Classification
of computer languages:
Computer
languages are usually divided into various generations based on their
functionalities.
First
generation languages: Also known as 1GL, they contain all instructions in a
code of 0 and 1, which is the language that the computer understands. The
binary code was very effective in the initial stages and is still used. Because
of its compatibility with the machines, it is popularly known as machine language.
Second
generation languages: They are known as 2GL. This was developed to make it
user-friendly for the programmers as they were the ones making the code for the
machine. Here, the words or mnemonics used by the programmer was understood
only by them & not the machine. So to perform this action, it was
translated to the machine language and then used to perform the specified
action. It was able to reduce time and processing details as compared to 1GL.
This type of language is also known as assembly language.
Third
generation language: Also known as 3GL or high level languages, these dealt
with increased level of words, codes and commands used for programming. Here,
most of the words used were understandable by the programmer, making it easier
for a common person to understand the language. The syntax of these languages
were pretty simple and ensured the command could be developed even by an
amateur, making it easier to inspire a new generation of people to take up
programming as a career. Languages like JAVA, C, C++ etc are a part of this
generation.
Fourth
generation languages: This generation of languages (4GL) used the base set up
by the previous generations. It ensured
reduction in cost and time consumed to program a code. This phase works under
major influence from the 3GL. SQL and ColdFusion, among others, are a part of
this era.
Fifth
generation languages:
Also known as 5GL, this type of language focuses on the problem encountered in
the code and tries to solve it without the help of the programmer. Giving it
artificial intelligence like behaviour and then testing the results would mean
that the program would be able to heal itself if a problem arises after a code
is written. This lessens the work of the programmer who does not need to
re-write the whole code. 5GL is still in the experimentation phase & has a
long way to go.The constant evolution of computer languages has contributed to
advancement of technology, making it more user-friendly.
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